A nurse should assess a client who is receiving nifedipine for the development of side effects, which include

• A. Peripheral edema
• B. Hypertension
• C. Tinnitus
• D. Sexual dysfunction

Answer: (A)

Peripheral edema is a classic side effect of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker that primarily dilates peripheral arterioles. This arteriolar widening lowers vascular resistance but raises capillary hydrostatic pressure, causing fluid to leak into interstitial tissue and leading swelling in the ankles and feet. When assessing a client on nifedipine, look for new or worsening ankle/leg swelling, unexplained weight gain, and pitting edema. While nifedipine treats hypertension, edema is a drug-related effect rather than a symptom of high blood pressure itself. Tinnitus and sexual dysfunction are not typical or defining side effects for this medication, though individual responses can vary. If edema is troublesome, clinicians may adjust the regimen or consider alternative therapies while monitoring the patient.